kiper220/mimalloc
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc.git synced 2025-07-06 19:38:41 +03:00
Code Issues Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions

add dedicated meta data allocation for threads and tld

Browse source
This commit is contained in:
daanx 2024-12-08 12:20:54 -08:00
parent 67cc424ada
commit 2084df3dde
15 changed files with 511 additions and 411 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

251
include/mimalloc/internal.h
View file

@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(disable:4127) // suppress constant conditional warning (due to MI_SECURE paths)
#pragma warning(disable:26812) // unscoped enum warning
#pragma warning(disable:28159) // don't use GetVersion
#pragma warning(disable:4996) // don't use GetVersion
#define mi_decl_noinline __declspec(noinline)
#define mi_decl_thread __declspec(thread)
#define mi_decl_align(a) __declspec(align(a))
@ -58,42 +56,52 @@ terms of the MIT license. A copy of the license can be found in the file
#define mi_decl_externc
#endif
// "libc.c"
#include <stdarg.h>
void _mi_vsnprintf(char* buf, size_t bufsize, const char* fmt, va_list args);
void _mi_snprintf(char* buf, size_t buflen, const char* fmt, ...);
char _mi_toupper(char c);
int _mi_strnicmp(const char* s, const char* t, size_t n);
void _mi_strlcpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t dest_size);
void _mi_strlcat(char* dest, const char* src, size_t dest_size);
size_t _mi_strlen(const char* s);
size_t _mi_strnlen(const char* s, size_t max_len);
bool _mi_getenv(const char* name, char* result, size_t result_size);
// "options.c"
void _mi_fputs(mi_output_fun* out, void* arg, const char* prefix, const char* message);
void _mi_fprintf(mi_output_fun* out, void* arg, const char* fmt, ...);
void _mi_warning_message(const char* fmt, ...);
void _mi_verbose_message(const char* fmt, ...);
void _mi_trace_message(const char* fmt, ...);
void _mi_output_message(const char* fmt, ...);
void _mi_options_init(void);
long _mi_option_get_fast(mi_option_t option);
void _mi_error_message(int err, const char* fmt, ...);
void _mi_fputs(mi_output_fun* out, void* arg, const char* prefix, const char* message);
void _mi_fprintf(mi_output_fun* out, void* arg, const char* fmt, ...);
void _mi_warning_message(const char* fmt, ...);
void _mi_verbose_message(const char* fmt, ...);
void _mi_trace_message(const char* fmt, ...);
void _mi_output_message(const char* fmt, ...);
void _mi_options_init(void);
long _mi_option_get_fast(mi_option_t option);
void _mi_error_message(int err, const char* fmt, ...);
// random.c
void _mi_random_init(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx);
void _mi_random_init_weak(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx);
void _mi_random_reinit_if_weak(mi_random_ctx_t * ctx);
void _mi_random_split(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx, mi_random_ctx_t* new_ctx);
uintptr_t _mi_random_next(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx);
uintptr_t _mi_heap_random_next(mi_heap_t* heap);
uintptr_t _mi_os_random_weak(uintptr_t extra_seed);
void _mi_random_init(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx);
void _mi_random_init_weak(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx);
void _mi_random_reinit_if_weak(mi_random_ctx_t * ctx);
void _mi_random_split(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx, mi_random_ctx_t* new_ctx);
uintptr_t _mi_random_next(mi_random_ctx_t* ctx);
uintptr_t _mi_heap_random_next(mi_heap_t* heap);
uintptr_t _mi_os_random_weak(uintptr_t extra_seed);
static inline uintptr_t _mi_random_shuffle(uintptr_t x);
// init.c
extern mi_decl_cache_align mi_stats_t _mi_stats_main;
extern mi_decl_cache_align const mi_page_t _mi_page_empty;
void _mi_process_load(void);
void _mi_process_load(void);
void mi_cdecl _mi_process_done(void);
bool _mi_is_redirected(void);
bool _mi_allocator_init(const char** message);
void _mi_allocator_done(void);
bool _mi_is_main_thread(void);
size_t _mi_current_thread_count(void);
bool _mi_preloading(void); // true while the C runtime is not initialized yet
void _mi_thread_done(mi_heap_t* heap);
void _mi_thread_data_collect(void);
void _mi_tld_init(mi_tld_t* tld, mi_heap_t* bheap);
bool _mi_is_redirected(void);
bool _mi_allocator_init(const char** message);
void _mi_allocator_done(void);
bool _mi_is_main_thread(void);
size_t _mi_current_thread_count(void);
bool _mi_preloading(void); // true while the C runtime is not initialized yet
void _mi_thread_done(mi_heap_t* heap);
mi_tld_t* _mi_tld(void); // current tld: `_mi_tld() == _mi_heap_get_default()->tld`
mi_threadid_t _mi_thread_id(void) mi_attr_noexcept;
size_t _mi_thread_seq_id(void) mi_attr_noexcept;
@ -103,116 +111,94 @@ mi_subproc_t* _mi_subproc_from_id(mi_subproc_id_t subproc_id);
void _mi_heap_guarded_init(mi_heap_t* heap);
// os.c
void _mi_os_init(void); // called from process init
void* _mi_os_alloc(size_t size, mi_memid_t* memid, mi_stats_t* stats);
void* _mi_os_zalloc(size_t size, mi_memid_t* memid, mi_stats_t* stats);
void _mi_os_free(void* p, size_t size, mi_memid_t memid, mi_stats_t* stats);
void _mi_os_free_ex(void* p, size_t size, bool still_committed, mi_memid_t memid, mi_stats_t* stats);
void _mi_os_init(void); // called from process init
void* _mi_os_alloc(size_t size, mi_memid_t* memid);
void* _mi_os_zalloc(size_t size, mi_memid_t* memid);
void _mi_os_free(void* p, size_t size, mi_memid_t memid);
void _mi_os_free_ex(void* p, size_t size, bool still_committed, mi_memid_t memid);
size_t _mi_os_page_size(void);
size_t _mi_os_good_alloc_size(size_t size);
bool _mi_os_has_overcommit(void);
bool _mi_os_has_virtual_reserve(void);
size_t _mi_os_virtual_address_bits(void);
size_t _mi_os_page_size(void);
size_t _mi_os_good_alloc_size(size_t size);
bool _mi_os_has_overcommit(void);
bool _mi_os_has_virtual_reserve(void);
size_t _mi_os_virtual_address_bits(void);
bool _mi_os_reset(void* addr, size_t size, mi_stats_t* tld_stats);
bool _mi_os_commit(void* p, size_t size, bool* is_zero, mi_stats_t* stats);
bool _mi_os_decommit(void* addr, size_t size, mi_stats_t* stats);
bool _mi_os_protect(void* addr, size_t size);
bool _mi_os_unprotect(void* addr, size_t size);
bool _mi_os_purge(void* p, size_t size, mi_stats_t* stats);
bool _mi_os_purge_ex(void* p, size_t size, bool allow_reset, mi_stats_t* stats);
bool _mi_os_reset(void* addr, size_t size);
bool _mi_os_commit(void* p, size_t size, bool* is_zero);
bool _mi_os_decommit(void* addr, size_t size);
bool _mi_os_protect(void* addr, size_t size);
bool _mi_os_unprotect(void* addr, size_t size);
bool _mi_os_purge(void* p, size_t size);
bool _mi_os_purge_ex(void* p, size_t size, bool allow_reset);
void* _mi_os_alloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment, bool commit, bool allow_large, mi_memid_t* memid, mi_stats_t* stats);
void* _mi_os_alloc_aligned_at_offset(size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t align_offset, bool commit, bool allow_large, mi_memid_t* memid, mi_stats_t* tld_stats);
void* _mi_os_alloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment, bool commit, bool allow_large, mi_memid_t* memid);
void* _mi_os_alloc_aligned_at_offset(size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t align_offset, bool commit, bool allow_large, mi_memid_t* memid);
void* _mi_os_get_aligned_hint(size_t try_alignment, size_t size);
bool _mi_os_use_large_page(size_t size, size_t alignment);
size_t _mi_os_large_page_size(void);
void* _mi_os_get_aligned_hint(size_t try_alignment, size_t size);
bool _mi_os_use_large_page(size_t size, size_t alignment);
size_t _mi_os_large_page_size(void);
void* _mi_os_alloc_huge_os_pages(size_t pages, int numa_node, mi_msecs_t max_secs, size_t* pages_reserved, size_t* psize, mi_memid_t* memid);
void* _mi_os_alloc_huge_os_pages(size_t pages, int numa_node, mi_msecs_t max_secs, size_t* pages_reserved, size_t* psize, mi_memid_t* memid);
// arena.c
mi_arena_id_t _mi_arena_id_none(void);
void _mi_arena_init(void);
void _mi_arena_free(void* p, size_t size, size_t still_committed_size, mi_memid_t memid, mi_stats_t* stats);
void* _mi_arena_alloc(size_t size, bool commit, bool allow_large, mi_arena_id_t req_arena_id, mi_memid_t* memid, mi_tld_t* tld);
void* _mi_arena_alloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t align_offset, bool commit, bool allow_large, mi_arena_id_t req_arena_id, mi_memid_t* memid, mi_tld_t* tld);
bool _mi_arena_memid_is_suitable(mi_memid_t memid, mi_arena_id_t request_arena_id);
bool _mi_arena_contains(const void* p);
void _mi_arenas_collect(bool force_purge, mi_stats_t* stats);
void _mi_arena_unsafe_destroy_all(mi_stats_t* stats);
void _mi_arena_init(void);
void _mi_arena_free(void* p, size_t size, size_t still_committed_size, mi_memid_t memid);
void* _mi_arena_alloc(size_t size, bool commit, bool allow_large, mi_arena_id_t req_arena_id, size_t tseq, mi_memid_t* memid);
void* _mi_arena_alloc_aligned(size_t size, size_t alignment, size_t align_offset, bool commit, bool allow_large, mi_arena_id_t req_arena_id, size_t tseq, mi_memid_t* memid);
bool _mi_arena_memid_is_suitable(mi_memid_t memid, mi_arena_id_t request_arena_id);
bool _mi_arena_contains(const void* p);
void _mi_arenas_collect(bool force_purge);
void _mi_arena_unsafe_destroy_all(void);
mi_page_t* _mi_arena_page_alloc(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t block_size, size_t page_alignment);
void _mi_arena_page_free(mi_page_t* page);
void _mi_arena_page_abandon(mi_page_t* page);
void _mi_arena_page_unabandon(mi_page_t* page);
bool _mi_arena_page_try_reabandon_to_mapped(mi_page_t* page);
mi_page_t* _mi_arena_page_alloc(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t block_size, size_t page_alignment);
void _mi_arena_page_free(mi_page_t* page);
void _mi_arena_page_abandon(mi_page_t* page);
void _mi_arena_page_unabandon(mi_page_t* page);
bool _mi_arena_page_try_reabandon_to_mapped(mi_page_t* page);
bool _mi_arena_try_reclaim(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_t* page);
void _mi_arena_reclaim_all_abandoned(mi_heap_t* heap);
void* _mi_arena_meta_zalloc(size_t size, mi_memid_t* memid);
void _mi_arena_meta_free(void* p, mi_memid_t memid, size_t size);
/*
typedef struct mi_arena_field_cursor_s { // abstract struct
size_t os_list_count; // max entries to visit in the OS abandoned list
size_t start; // start arena idx (may need to be wrapped)
size_t end; // end arena idx (exclusive, may need to be wrapped)
size_t bitmap_idx; // current bit idx for an arena
mi_subproc_t* subproc; // only visit blocks in this sub-process
bool visit_all; // ensure all abandoned blocks are seen (blocking)
bool hold_visit_lock; // if the subproc->abandoned_os_visit_lock is held
} mi_arena_field_cursor_t;
void _mi_arena_field_cursor_init(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_subproc_t* subproc, bool visit_all, mi_arena_field_cursor_t* current);
mi_segment_t* _mi_arena_segment_clear_abandoned_next(mi_arena_field_cursor_t* previous);
void _mi_arena_field_cursor_done(mi_arena_field_cursor_t* current);
*/
// arena-meta.c
void* _mi_meta_zalloc( size_t size, mi_memid_t* memid );
void _mi_meta_free(void* p, size_t size, mi_memid_t memid);
// "page-map.c"
bool _mi_page_map_init(void);
void _mi_page_map_register(mi_page_t* page);
void _mi_page_map_unregister(mi_page_t* page);
bool _mi_page_map_init(void);
void _mi_page_map_register(mi_page_t* page);
void _mi_page_map_unregister(mi_page_t* page);
// "page.c"
void* _mi_malloc_generic(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size, bool zero, size_t huge_alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc;
void* _mi_malloc_generic(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size, bool zero, size_t huge_alignment) mi_attr_noexcept mi_attr_malloc;
void _mi_page_retire(mi_page_t* page) mi_attr_noexcept; // free the page if there are no other pages with many free blocks
void _mi_page_unfull(mi_page_t* page);
void _mi_page_free(mi_page_t* page, mi_page_queue_t* pq); // free the page
void _mi_page_abandon(mi_page_t* page, mi_page_queue_t* pq); // abandon the page, to be picked up by another thread...
void _mi_page_force_abandon(mi_page_t* page);
void _mi_page_retire(mi_page_t* page) mi_attr_noexcept; // free the page if there are no other pages with many free blocks
void _mi_page_unfull(mi_page_t* page);
void _mi_page_free(mi_page_t* page, mi_page_queue_t* pq); // free the page
void _mi_page_abandon(mi_page_t* page, mi_page_queue_t* pq); // abandon the page, to be picked up by another thread...
void _mi_page_force_abandon(mi_page_t* page);
void _mi_heap_collect_retired(mi_heap_t* heap, bool force);
// void _mi_heap_delayed_free_all(mi_heap_t* heap);
// bool _mi_heap_delayed_free_partial(mi_heap_t* heap);
void _mi_heap_collect_retired(mi_heap_t* heap, bool force);
size_t _mi_page_queue_append(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_queue_t* pq, mi_page_queue_t* append);
void _mi_deferred_free(mi_heap_t* heap, bool force);
size_t _mi_page_queue_append(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_queue_t* pq, mi_page_queue_t* append);
void _mi_deferred_free(mi_heap_t* heap, bool force);
void _mi_page_free_collect(mi_page_t* page,bool force);
void _mi_page_init(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_t* page);
void _mi_page_free_collect(mi_page_t* page,bool force);
// void _mi_page_reclaim(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_t* page); // callback from segments
void _mi_page_init(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_t* page);
size_t _mi_bin_size(uint8_t bin); // for stats
uint8_t _mi_bin(size_t size); // for stats
size_t _mi_bin_size(uint8_t bin); // for stats
uint8_t _mi_bin(size_t size); // for stats
// "heap.c"
void _mi_heap_init(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_tld_t* tld, mi_arena_id_t arena_id, bool noreclaim, uint8_t tag);
void _mi_heap_destroy_pages(mi_heap_t* heap);
void _mi_heap_collect_abandon(mi_heap_t* heap);
void _mi_heap_set_default_direct(mi_heap_t* heap);
bool _mi_heap_memid_is_suitable(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_memid_t memid);
void _mi_heap_unsafe_destroy_all(void);
mi_heap_t* _mi_heap_by_tag(mi_heap_t* heap, uint8_t tag);
void _mi_heap_area_init(mi_heap_area_t* area, mi_page_t* page);
bool _mi_heap_area_visit_blocks(const mi_heap_area_t* area, mi_page_t* page, mi_block_visit_fun* visitor, void* arg);
void _mi_heap_page_reclaim(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_t* page);
void _mi_heap_init(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_arena_id_t arena_id, bool noreclaim, uint8_t tag);
void _mi_heap_destroy_pages(mi_heap_t* heap);
void _mi_heap_collect_abandon(mi_heap_t* heap);
void _mi_heap_set_default_direct(mi_heap_t* heap);
bool _mi_heap_memid_is_suitable(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_memid_t memid);
void _mi_heap_unsafe_destroy_all(void);
mi_heap_t* _mi_heap_by_tag(mi_heap_t* heap, uint8_t tag);
void _mi_heap_area_init(mi_heap_area_t* area, mi_page_t* page);
bool _mi_heap_area_visit_blocks(const mi_heap_area_t* area, mi_page_t* page, mi_block_visit_fun* visitor, void* arg);
void _mi_heap_page_reclaim(mi_heap_t* heap, mi_page_t* page);
// "stats.c"
void _mi_stats_done(mi_stats_t* stats);
void _mi_stats_done(mi_stats_t* stats);
mi_msecs_t _mi_clock_now(void);
mi_msecs_t _mi_clock_end(mi_msecs_t start);
mi_msecs_t _mi_clock_start(void);
@ -226,20 +212,6 @@ void* _mi_heap_malloc_zero_ex(mi_heap_t* heap, size_t size, bool zero, siz
void* _mi_heap_realloc_zero(mi_heap_t* heap, void* p, size_t newsize, bool zero) mi_attr_noexcept;
mi_block_t* _mi_page_ptr_unalign(const mi_page_t* page, const void* p);
void _mi_padding_shrink(const mi_page_t* page, const mi_block_t* block, const size_t min_size);
// bool _mi_free_delayed_block(mi_block_t* block);
// "libc.c"
#include <stdarg.h>
void _mi_vsnprintf(char* buf, size_t bufsize, const char* fmt, va_list args);
void _mi_snprintf(char* buf, size_t buflen, const char* fmt, ...);
char _mi_toupper(char c);
int _mi_strnicmp(const char* s, const char* t, size_t n);
void _mi_strlcpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t dest_size);
void _mi_strlcat(char* dest, const char* src, size_t dest_size);
size_t _mi_strlen(const char* s);
size_t _mi_strnlen(const char* s, size_t max_len);
bool _mi_getenv(const char* name, char* result, size_t result_size);
#if MI_DEBUG>1
bool _mi_page_is_valid(mi_page_t* page);
@ -449,9 +421,6 @@ static inline uintptr_t _mi_ptr_cookie(const void* p) {
return ((uintptr_t)p ^ _mi_heap_main.cookie);
}
static inline mi_tld_t* _mi_tld(void) {
return mi_heap_get_default()->tld;
}
/* -----------------------------------------------------------
Pages
@ -908,6 +877,16 @@ static inline mi_memid_t _mi_memid_create_os(void* base, size_t size, bool commi
return memid;
}
static inline mi_memid_t _mi_memid_create_meta(void* mpage, size_t block_idx, size_t block_count) {
mi_memid_t memid = _mi_memid_create(MI_MEM_META);
memid.mem.meta.meta_page = mpage;
memid.mem.meta.block_index = (uint32_t)block_idx;
memid.mem.meta.block_count = (uint32_t)block_count;
memid.initially_committed = true;
memid.initially_zero = true;
memid.is_pinned = true;
return memid;
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------------
// Fast "random" shuffle
@ -937,13 +916,13 @@ static inline uintptr_t _mi_random_shuffle(uintptr_t x) {
// Optimize numa node access for the common case (= one node)
// -------------------------------------------------------------------
int _mi_os_numa_node_get(mi_os_tld_t* tld);
int _mi_os_numa_node_get(void);
size_t _mi_os_numa_node_count_get(void);
extern _Atomic(size_t) _mi_numa_node_count;
static inline int _mi_os_numa_node(mi_os_tld_t* tld) {
static inline int _mi_os_numa_node(void) {
if mi_likely(mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&_mi_numa_node_count) == 1) { return 0; }
else return _mi_os_numa_node_get(tld);
else return _mi_os_numa_node_get();
}
static inline size_t _mi_os_numa_node_count(void) {
const size_t count = mi_atomic_load_relaxed(&_mi_numa_node_count);

32
include/mimalloc/types.h
View file

@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ typedef enum mi_memkind_e {
MI_MEM_NONE, // not allocated
MI_MEM_EXTERNAL, // not owned by mimalloc but provided externally (via `mi_manage_os_memory` for example)
MI_MEM_STATIC, // allocated in a static area and should not be freed (for arena meta data for example)
MI_MEM_META, // allocated with the meta data allocator
MI_MEM_OS, // allocated from the OS
MI_MEM_OS_HUGE, // allocated as huge OS pages (usually 1GiB, pinned to physical memory)
MI_MEM_OS_REMAP, // allocated in a remapable area (i.e. using `mremap`)
@ -165,6 +166,11 @@ static inline bool mi_memkind_is_os(mi_memkind_t memkind) {
return (memkind >= MI_MEM_OS && memkind <= MI_MEM_OS_REMAP);
}
static inline bool mi_memkind_needs_no_free(mi_memkind_t memkind) {
return (memkind <= MI_MEM_STATIC);
}
typedef struct mi_memid_os_info {
void* base; // actual base address of the block (used for offset aligned allocations)
size_t size; // allocated full size
@ -178,10 +184,17 @@ typedef struct mi_memid_arena_info {
bool is_exclusive; // this arena can only be used for specific arena allocations
} mi_memid_arena_info_t;
typedef struct mi_memid_meta_info {
void* meta_page; // meta-page that contains the block
uint32_t block_index; // block index in the meta-data page
uint32_t block_count; // allocated blocks
} mi_memid_meta_info_t;
typedef struct mi_memid_s {
union {
mi_memid_os_info_t os; // only used for MI_MEM_OS
mi_memid_arena_info_t arena; // only used for MI_MEM_ARENA
mi_memid_meta_info_t meta; // only used for MI_MEM_META
} mem;
bool is_pinned; // `true` if we cannot decommit/reset/protect in this memory (e.g. when allocated using large (2Mib) or huge (1GiB) OS pages)
bool initially_committed;// `true` if the memory was originally allocated as committed
@ -190,6 +203,14 @@ typedef struct mi_memid_s {
} mi_memid_t;
static inline bool mi_memid_is_os(mi_memid_t memid) {
return mi_memkind_is_os(memid.memkind);
}
static inline bool mi_memid_needs_no_free(mi_memid_t memid) {
return mi_memkind_needs_no_free(memid.memkind);
}
// ------------------------------------------------------
// Mimalloc pages contain allocated blocks
// ------------------------------------------------------
@ -399,7 +420,8 @@ struct mi_heap_s {
size_t page_retired_min; // smallest retired index (retired pages are fully free, but still in the page queues)
size_t page_retired_max; // largest retired index into the `pages` array.
mi_heap_t* next; // list of heaps per thread
bool allow_page_reclaim; // `true` if this heap can reclaim abandoned pages
mi_memid_t memid; // provenance of the heap struct itseft (meta or os)
bool allow_page_reclaim; // `true` if this heap should not reclaim abandoned pages
bool allow_page_abandon; // `true` if this heap can abandon pages to reduce memory footprint
uint8_t tag; // custom tag, can be used for separating heaps based on the object types
#if MI_GUARDED
@ -560,12 +582,6 @@ struct mi_subproc_s {
typedef int64_t mi_msecs_t;
// OS thread local data
typedef struct mi_os_tld_s {
size_t region_idx; // start point for next allocation
mi_stats_t* stats; // points to tld stats
} mi_os_tld_t;
// Thread local data
struct mi_tld_s {
unsigned long long heartbeat; // monotonic heartbeat count
@ -573,9 +589,9 @@ struct mi_tld_s {
mi_heap_t* heaps; // list of heaps in this thread (so we can abandon all when the thread terminates)
mi_subproc_t* subproc; // sub-process this thread belongs to.
size_t tseq; // thread sequence id
mi_memid_t memid; // provenance of the tld memory itself (meta or OS)
bool recurse; // true if deferred was called; used to prevent infinite recursion.
bool is_in_threadpool; // true if this thread is part of a threadpool (and can run arbitrary tasks)
mi_os_tld_t os; // os tld
mi_stats_t stats; // statistics
};